Yellow Sapphire (Pukhraj)
Blue Sapphire is a precious gemstone belonging to the Corundum mineral family (Aluminium Oxide). It is the blue variety of Corundum, with its deep, rich blue colour derived from trace amounts of iron and titanium. Ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness — second only to Diamond — Blue Sapphire is one of the most durable and hardest gemstones in the world, making it perfectly suited for daily wear in rings and pendants.
Blue Sapphire is counted among the four most precious gemstones in the world — alongside Ruby, Emerald, and Yellow Sapphire. In Vedic Jyotish, it is the most powerful and fastest-acting gemstone among all the nine Navratnas. Known as the gemstone of Saturn — the planet of karma, discipline, and justice — Blue Sapphire is said to bring swift and dramatic changes to the wearer's life.
Names in Hindi, Sanskrit & Other Languages
Blue Sapphire is known by many names across India and the world — Neelam (Hindi), Indraneelam ('blue gem of Indra'), Neelaratna ('blue jewel'), Neelamani ('blue gem'), Nelashma, Shaniratna ('gem of Saturn'), and Shanipriya ('beloved of Shani Dev'). It is also widely referred to as the Saturn Stone or Shani Ratna.
Gemstone Properties
| Mineral Family | Corundum (Aluminium Oxide) |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 9.0 — Extremely durable; ideal for daily wear |
| Specific Gravity | 3.99 – 4.00 |
| Refractive Index | 1.762 – 1.770 |
| Colour Range | Pale blue, cornflower blue, royal blue, deep velvety blue |
| Lustre | Vitreous (glass-like) to Adamantine |
| Associated Planet | Saturn (Shani Dev) |
| Rashi (Zodiac) | Makar (Capricorn) & Kumbh (Aquarius) — Primary |
Sources & Origins
Kashmir (India) — the rarest and most prized origin, mined from the Zanskar range of the Himalayas, celebrated for velvety cornflower blue colour. Prices start from ₹75,000 per carat and can exceed ₹1 crore per carat at auction.
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) — the most widely available and most recommended origin for astrological use, known for bright, vivid blue colour and excellent transparency.
Burma (Myanmar) — prized for rich, deep royal blue colour and excellent clarity; a premium choice for serious astrological use.
Thailand (Bangkok) — a major trading hub, but the vast majority of Thai sapphires are heat-treated and generally not recommended for astrological use.
Africa — sourced from Madagascar, Tanzania and Ethiopia; generally lower quality but a more affordable, valid option for a limited budget.
What is Blue Sapphire (Neelam)?
Blue Sapphire is a precious gemstone belonging to the Corundum mineral family (Aluminium Oxide). It is the blue variety of Corundum, with its deep, rich blue colour derived from trace amounts of iron and titanium. Ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness — second only to Diamond — Blue Sapphire is one of the most durable and hardest gemstones in the world, making it perfectly suited for daily wear in rings and pendants.
Blue Sapphire is counted among the four most precious gemstones in the world — alongside Ruby, Emerald, and Yellow Sapphire. In Vedic Jyotish, it is the most powerful and fastest-acting gemstone among all the nine Navratnas. Known as the gemstone of Saturn — the planet of karma, discipline, and justice — Blue Sapphire is said to bring swift and dramatic changes to the wearer's life.
Blue Sapphire is a precious gemstone belonging to the Corundum mineral family (Aluminium Oxide). It is the blue variety of Corundum, with its deep, rich blue colour derived from trace amounts of iron and titanium. Ranking 9 on the Mohs scale of hardness — second only to Diamond — Blue Sapphire is one of the most durable and hardest gemstones in the world, making it perfectly suited for daily wear in rings and pendants.
Blue Sapphire is counted among the four most precious gemstones in the world — alongside Ruby, Emerald, and Yellow Sapphire. In Vedic Jyotish, it is the most powerful and fastest-acting gemstone among all the nine Navratnas. Known as the gemstone of Saturn — the planet of karma, discipline, and justice — Blue Sapphire is said to bring swift and dramatic changes to the wearer's life.
Names in Hindi, Sanskrit & Other Languages
Blue Sapphire is known by many names across India and the world — Neelam (Hindi), Indraneelam ('blue gem of Indra'), Neelaratna ('blue jewel'), Neelamani ('blue gem'), Nelashma, Shaniratna ('gem of Saturn'), and Shanipriya ('beloved of Shani Dev'). It is also widely referred to as the Saturn Stone or Shani Ratna.
Blue Sapphire Gemstone Properties
A clear understanding of Blue Sapphire's key properties helps buyers identify a genuine Neelam stone and appreciate its gemological and astrological significance:
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Mineral Family | Corundum (Aluminium Oxide) |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 9.0 — Extremely durable; ideal for daily wear |
| Specific Gravity | 3.99 – 4.00 |
| Refractive Index | 1.762 – 1.770 |
| Colour Range | Pale blue, cornflower blue, royal blue, deep velvety blue |
| Lustre | Vitreous (glass-like) to Adamantine |
| Associated Planet | Saturn (Shani Dev) |
| Rashi (Zodiac) | Makar (Capricorn) & Kumbh (Aquarius) — Primary |
Blue Sapphire Sources & Origins
Kashmir (India) — the rarest and most prized origin, mined from the Zanskar range of the Himalayas, celebrated for velvety cornflower blue colour. Prices start from ₹75,000 per carat and can exceed ₹1 crore per carat at auction.
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) — the most widely available and most recommended origin for astrological use, known for bright, vivid blue colour and excellent transparency.
Burma (Myanmar) — prized for rich, deep royal blue colour and excellent clarity; a premium choice for serious astrological use.
Thailand (Bangkok) — a major trading hub, but the vast majority of Thai sapphires are heat-treated and generally not recommended for astrological use.
Africa — sourced from Madagascar, Tanzania and Ethiopia; generally lower quality but a more affordable, valid option for a limited budget.
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Yellow Sapphire
